The Genius of Dogs by Brian Hare and Vanessa Woods

Summary: Brian Hare, Founder of Duke Canine Cognition Center, and his colleague, V. Woods, present their findings at the center and also review of the literature regarding dog's intelligence, their connection to humans as well about what it is to be a genius!

Interviews: 

a. "Survival of the Friendliest", Tiffany O'Callaghan, Slate: http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/new_scientist/2013/03/the_genius_of_dogs_brian_hare_on_friendliness_intelligence_and_inference.html

Brian Hare's websites: http://brianhare.net/the-genius-of-dogs/; https://www.dognition.com/

Review: 

a. http://www.brainpickings.org/2013/02/08/the-genius-of-dogs/

b." The Genius of Dogs and The Hidden Lives of Wolves" by M. Bekoff, Psychology https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/animal-emotions/201302/the-genius-dogs-and-the-hidden-life-wolves

Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0AYIUm__VI

Suggested additional reading - a story that perhaps inspired Brian Hare? : Kurt Vonnegut, "Welcome to the Monkey House: Tom Edison's Shaggy Dog"

(http://www.sciencebuddies.org/Files/2616/3/MamBio_img013.jpg)

Our Discussion Questions:

1. What are the advantages of natural selection versus self-domestication for wolves/dogs? What are roles for each of these? See page 105 for discussion, including about Bonobos, the dog of Apes.

2. How can friendliness and socialization contribute to survival for all species? See pages 112-114.

3. After reading this book, do you think humans are more similar to bonobos or chimpanzees, behaviorally? 

4. What impact can self-domestication have on a ecosystem?

5. How do both self-domestication and assisted domestication contribute to the development of dogs?

Who domesticated whom?

6. Compare the social structures of wolves versus dogs?

7. How important was the Russian experiment of domesticating silver foxes for understanding dog domestication?

8. Which domesticated animals share some of the same relationship characteristics as dogs with humans?  Which are more similar and which are less so?

Cosmos by Carl Sagan

Summary from Good Reads:
Cosmos has 13 heavily illustrated chapters, corresponding to the 13 episodes of the Cosmos television series. In the book, Sagan explores 15 billion years of cosmic evolution and the development of science and civilization. Cosmos traces the origins of knowledge and the scientific method, mixing science and philosophy, and speculates to the future of science. The book also discusses the underlying premises of science by providing biographical anecdotes about many prominent scientists throughout history, placing their contributions into the broader context of the development of modern science.

The book covers a broad range of topics, comprising Sagan's reflections on anthropological, cosmological, biological, historical, and astronomical matters from antiquity to contemporary times. Sagan reiterates his position on extraterrestrial life—that the magnitude of the universe permits the existence of thousands of alien civilizations, but no credible evidence exists to demonstrate that such life has ever visited earth.

Interview with Rolling Stone: http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/features/the-cosmos-19801225

Smithsonian Article: " Why Carl Sagan is Truly Irreplaceable." March 2014:
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/why-carl-sagan-truly-irreplaceable-180949818/?no-ist

Interview with Ted Turner: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV-YNO4ZeTM

National Geographic Article: http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/cosmos-a-spacetime-odyssey/articles/carl-sagan-and-the-cosmos-legacy/

Original Series on YouTube: http://www.openculture.com/2014/03/carl-sagans-original-cosmos-series-on-youtube.html or https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBA8DC67D52968201

Bill Moyer's Interview with Neil deGrasse about the new Cosmos Series: http://billmoyers.com/episode/neil-degrasse-tyson-on-the-new-cosmos/

Discussion Questions:
A. From Athena: http://www.athenalearning.com/programs/cosmos/discussion-guide
B: Questions for the 2 series: http://phyz.org/cosmos/

A Year in Provence by Peter Mayle

Summary:

The British author shares his experiences and adventures, month by month, about his new life in Provence in the Luberon area after purchasing a 200 year old stone farm house. It's witty, funny and he captures the essences of this unique area.

Interview: 20 years in Provence with Peter: http://www.connexionfrance.com/peter-mayle-interview-a-year-in-provence-20-years-news-article.html

Website: http://www.petermayle.com/index.php

His House for sale/sold: http://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/homes-and-property/new-to-market/mayle-saying-au-revoir-to-his-house-in-provence-1.1279646;
http://provenceventouxblog.com/2011/peter-mayles-lourmarin-maison-sold-new-home-in-the-slumerous-village-of-vaugines/

Reflecting on his fame and time in France:http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1996-06-25/features/1996177059_1_year-in-provence-mayle-new-book

Discussion Questions:

1. How well did Mayle's frequent trips to Provence as a tourist prepare him for the reality of residing there? What were some of the initial surprises he and his wife encountered?

2. How does the form of the book--a month-by-month journal--enhance the immediacy of Mayle's observations and draw the reader into his experiences? How do the changing seasons mirror Mayle's own adjustment to his new environment?

3. Mayle writes that neighbors take on an importance in the country that they don't have in the city [p. 6]. How do his relationships with Faustin, Massot, Menicucci, and the other local workmen reflect this? Does the fact that Mayle is a foreigner influence the way he is treated? How do the men working on his house endear themselves to Mayle, despite his continuing frustrations with their casual attitude about completing the job?

4. Mayle notes there are "two areas of endeavor in which France leads the world-- bureaucracy and gastronomy" [p. 23]. What particular characteristics of the French does Mayle bring to light in stories about the bureaucracy involved in buying the house, a car, insurance, and other necessities?

5. The influx of tourists begins in May and reaches a high point in August. How does his status as a resident affect Mayle's attitudes about friends and acquaintances who, as he himself once did, try to take in everything Provence has to offer during a short holiday? Does he learn things about himself and the life he has chosen by looking through the eyes of visitors? To what extent are his own perceptions influenced by his English upbringing?

6. How does the Mayles' party for the workmen and their wives, as well as their own Christmas dinner at a local restaurant, put the events of the year into context and serve as a coda to the book as a whole?
(Questions issued by publisher.) 

The Nesting Season by Bernd Heinrich

Summary: Bernd Heinrich provides an in-depth study of bird's songs, mating rituals, sex roles, predation, migration, and nesting behaviors in this fascinating and engaging book. He discusses in detail the variety of strategies birds use to reproduce and its complexities. There are some surprising and unexpected twists in bird romancing. It includes beautiful photos and the author's watercolors. It's a great read for Spring.

Harvard Press Book Information including Reviews, Table of Contents and More: http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674061934

Saint Paul Audubon - Review:
http://www.saintpaulaudubon.org/education/nesting-season-cuckoos-cuckolds-and-invention-of-monogamy

NPR Interview: "Nesting with a Naturalist":
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=127240669

Interview on Science Friday with Ira:
http://www.sciencefriday.com/segment/05/28/2010/naturalist-bernd-heinrich.html

Northern Woodlands Site: Great Article and Photos about Nests: "Which Bird Made That Nest?"
http://northernwoodlands.org/articles/article/which-bird-made-that-nest/

Moonbird by Phillip Hoose

Summary:
This is the incredible story about B95, a male rufa Red knot, who flies over 18,000 miles per year from Tierra del Fuego to his breeding grounds in the Canadian Arctic and back again. His species has declined by 80% due to lost habitat and food availability. This book is about his life and questions why and how he has survived for over 20 years. Find out why he is called "Moonbird".

Review by The Horn Book: http://www.hbook.com/2012/08/choosing-books/review-of-the-week/review-of-moonbird-a-year-on-the-wind-with-the-great-survivor-b95/

Phillip Hoose's Website: http://www.philliphoose.com/books/moonbird/

Nature Conservancy Article: http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/canada/b95-the-toughest-four-ounces-of-life.xml

Teacher's Guide: http://images.macmillan.com/folio-assets/teachers-guides/9780374304683TG.pdf

The Alchemist by Paulo Coehlo

Summary from Amazon:

It's a story about Santiago, an Andalusian shepherd boy who yearns to travel in search of a worldly treasure as extravagant as any ever found.

The story of the treasures Santiago finds along the way teaches us, as only a few stories can, about the essential wisdom of listening to our hearts, learning to read the omens strewn along life's path, and, above all, following our dreams.

Reviews:

From the NYTimes: "Writing in a Global Language": 

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/30/books/30coel.html?pagewanted=all

Interview with the author:

From the Islamic Monthly: http://theislamicmonthly.com/interview-with-paulo-coelho-best-selling-author-of-the-alchemist/

Oprah's interview: http://paulocoelhoblog.com/2014/09/08/oprah-winfrey-interview/

Author's Blog: 

http://paulocoelhoblog.com/

Discussion Questions from Litlovers:

1. At the start of his journey, when Santiago asks a gypsy woman to interpret his dream about a treasure in the Egyptian pyramids, she asks for one tenth of the treasure in return. When Santiago asks the old man to show him the path to the treasure, the old man requests one tenth of his flock as "payment." Both payments represent a different price we have to pay to fulfill a dream; however, only one will yield a true result. Which payment represents false hope? Can you think of examples from your own life when you had to give up something to meet a goal and found the price too high?

2. Paulo Coelho once said that alchemy is all about pursuing our spiritual quest in the physical world as it was given to us. It is the art of transmuting the reality into something sacred, of mixing the sacred and the profane. With this in mind, can you define your Personal Legend? At what time in your life were you first able to act on it? What was your "beginner's luck"? Did anything prevent you from following it to conclusion? Having read The Alchemist, do you know what inner resources you need to continue the journey?

3. One of the first major diversions from Santiago's journey was the theft of his money in Tangiers, which forced him into taking a menial job with the crystal merchant. There, Santiago learned many lessons on everything from the art of business to the art of patience. Of all these, which lessons were the most crucial to the pursuit of his Personal Legend?

4. When he talked about the pilgrimage to Mecca, the crystal merchant argued that having a dream is more important than fulfilling it, which is what Santiago was trying to do. Do you agree with Santiago's rationale or crystal merchant's?

5. The Englishman, whom Santiago meets when he joins the caravan to the Egyptian pyramids, is searching for "a universal language, understood by everybody." What is that language? According to the Englishman, what are the parallels between reading and alchemy? How does the Englishman's search for the alchemist compares to Santiago's search for a treasure? How did the Englishman and Santiago feel about each other?

6. The alchemist tells Santiago "you don't have to understand the desert: all you have to do is contemplate a simple grain of sand, and you will see in it all the marvels of creation." With this in mind, why do you think the alchemist chose to befriend Santiago, though he knew that the Englishman was the one looking for him? What is the meaning of two dead hawks and the falcon in the oasis? At one point the alchemist explains to Santiago the secret of successfully turning metal into gold. How does this process compare to finding a Personal Legend?

7. Why did Santiago have to go through the dangers of tribal wars on the outskirts of the oasis in order to reach the pyramids? At the very end of the journey, why did the alchemist leave Santiago alone to complete it?

8.Earlier in the story, the alchemist told Santiago "when you possess great treasures within you, and try to tell others of them, seldom are you believed." At the end of the story, how did this simple lesson save Santiago's life? How did it lead him back to the treasure he was looking for?

(Questions issued by publisher.)

Caribbean by James Michener

Book Description from Good Reads:
In this acclaimed classic novel, James A. Michener sweeps readers off to the Caribbean, bringing to life the eternal allure and tumultuous history of this glittering string of islands. From the 1310 conquest of the Arawaks by cannibals to the decline of the Mayan empire, from Columbus’s arrival to buccaneer Henry Morgan’s notorious reign, from the bloody slave revolt on Haiti to the rise of Cuba’s Fidel Castro, Caribbean packs seven hundred dramatic years into a tale teeming with revolution and romance, authentic characters and thunderous destinies. Through absorbing, magnificent prose, Michener captures the essence of the islands in all of their awe-inspiring scope and wonder.

NY Times Review:
http://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/02/books/books-of-the-times-the-caribbean-as-lead-character-in-a-michener-novel.html

Interview with Michener:
http://articles.philly.com/1989-01-02/news/26122358_1_big-books-mari-michener-opera-book

Michener at Work Video while working on the book:
http://vimeo.com/68499106

Interview about his life:
http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/mic0int-1

Discussion Questions:
To Follow